Types and grades of bitumen are classified based on several factors, such as penetration, viscosity, and composition.
Additionally, we can classify bitumen differently based on their origins:
- Refinery Bitumen: Known as bitumen for short, it’s derived from crude oil.
- Natural Bitumen: With a chemical composition similar to refinery bitumen, this form is found in nature either in pitch lakes or as lumps extracted from mines.
Bitumen classification systems have expanded over time to reach the best performance of bitumen in different projects.
Read this article to discover key information about bitumen types, grades, and their differences.
Penetration Grade Bitumen
Penetration bitumen is the most commonly used type of bitumen in road construction. It is categorized into several grades based on a penetration test that measures bitumen hardness at 25°C.
60/70 and 80/100 are two widely used penetration grades. For a balance of flexibility and durability, bitumen 60/70 is a popular choice with a penetration range of 60 to 70.
With a higher penetration range, the bitumen 80/100 is softer and more resistant to cracking, making it suitable for colder climates.
Beyond road construction, penetration bitumen also finds applications in waterproofing and other construction-related activities.
Learn about the different types of bitumen used in road layers, from subgrade to surface course. (+Infographic)
In the table below, you can see the specifications for this grade:
| Bitumen Penetration Grade 30/40 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Test Method | Unit | Min. | Max. |
| Specific Gravity at 25 °C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01 | 1.06 |
| Penetration at 25 °C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 30 | 40 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 51 | 60 |
| Ductility at 25 °C | ASTM D113 | cm | 100 | – |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | – | 0.5 |
| Drop in Penetration after Heating | ASTM D5 | % | – | 20 |
| Flash Point | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 | – |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 99.5 | – |
| Spot Test | AASHTO T102 | Negative | ||
| Bitumen Penetration Grade 35/50 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Test Method | Unit | Min. | Max. |
| Specific Gravity at 25 °C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01 | 1.06 |
| Penetration at 25 °C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 35 | 50 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 52 | 60 |
| Ductility at 25 °C | ASTM D113 | cm | 100 | – |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | – | 0.2 |
| Drop in Penetration after Heating | ASTM D5 | % | – | 20 |
| Flash Point | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 | – |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 99 | – |
| Spot Test | AASHTO T102 | Negative | ||
| Bitumen Penetration Grade 40/50 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Test Method | Unit | Min. | Max. |
| Specific Gravity at 25 °C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01 | 1.06 |
| Penetration at 25 °C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 40 | 50 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 52 | 60 |
| Ductility at 25 °C | ASTM D113 | cm | 100 | – |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | – | 0.2 |
| Drop in Penetration after Heating | ASTM D5 | % | – | 20 |
| Flash Point | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 | – |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 99 | – |
| Spot Test | AASHTO T102 | Negative | ||
| Bitumen Penetration Grade 50/70 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Test Method | Unit | Min. | Max. |
| Penetration at 25 °C, 100g, 5s | EN 1426 | 0.1mm | 50 | 70 |
| Softening Point | EN 1427 | °C | 46 | 54 |
| Kinematic Viscosity@135 °C | EN 12595 | CST | 295 | – |
| Penetration Index | EN12591 | mm | -1.5 | + 0.7 |
| Flash Point | EN 2592 | °C | 230 | – |
| Solubility in Toluene or Xylene | EN 12592 | wt.% | 99 | – |
| Spot Test | AASHTO T102 | Negative | ||
| Bitumen Penetration Grade 60/70 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Test Method | Unit | Min. | Max. |
| Specific Gravity at 25 °C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01 | 1.06 |
| Penetration at 25 °C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 60 | 70 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 49 | 56 |
| Ductility at 25 °C | ASTM D113 | cm | 100 | – |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | – | 0.2 |
| Drop in Penetration after Heating | ASTM D5 | % | – | 20 |
| Flash Point | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 | – |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 99 | – |
| Spot Test | AASHTO T102 | Negative | ||
| Bitumen Penetration Grade 70/100 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Test Method | Unit | Min. | Max. |
| Specific Gravity at 25 °C | EN 15326 | – | 1.01 | 1.05 |
| Penetration at 25 °C, 100g, 5s | EN 1426 | 0.1mm | 70 | 100 |
| Softening Point | EN 1427 | °C | 43 | 53 |
| Ductility at 25 °C | EN 13589 | cm | 100 | – |
| Loss on Heating | EN 12607 | wt.% | – | 0.5 |
| Flash Point | EN 2592 | °C | 225 | – |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | EN 12592 | wt.% | 99 | – |
| Spot Test | AASHTO T102 | Negative | ||
| Bitumen Penetration Grade 80/100 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Test Method | Unit | Min. | Max. |
| Specific Gravity at 25 °C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01 | 1.05 |
| Penetration at 25 °C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 80 | 100 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 42 | 52 |
| Ductility at 25 °C | ASTM D113 | cm | 100 | – |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | – | 0.5 |
| Flash Point | ASTM D92 | °C | 225 | – |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 99 | – |
| Spot Test | AASHTO T102 | Negative | ||
| Bitumen Penetration Grade 85/100 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Test Method | Unit | Min. | Max. |
| Specific Gravity at 25 °C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01 | 1.05 |
| Penetration at 25 °C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 85 | 100 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 42 | 52 |
| Ductility at 25 °C | ASTM D113 | cm | 100 | – |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | – | 0.5 |
| Flash Point | ASTM D92 | °C | 225 | – |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 99 | – |
| Spot Test | AASHTO T102 | Negative | ||
| Bitumen Penetration Grade 100/120 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Test Method | Unit | Min. | Max. |
| Specific Gravity at 25 °C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01 | 1.04 |
| Penetration at 25 °C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 100 | 120 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 42 | 49 |
| Ductility at 25 °C | ASTM D113 | cm | 100 | – |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | – | 0.2 |
| Flash Point | ASTM D92 | °C | – | 250 |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | – | 99.5 |
| Spot Test | AASHTO T102 | Negative | ||
| Bitumen Penetration Grade 200/300 Specifications | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Test Method | Unit | Min. | Max. | |
| Specific Gravity at 25 °C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01 | 1.06 | |
| Penetration at 25 °C | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 200 | 300 | |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 35 | 43 | |
| Ductility at 25 °C | ASTM D113 | cm | 100 | – | |
| Flash Point | ASTM D92 | °C | 230 | – | |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | ASTM D2024 | wt.% | 99 | – | |
| After Thin Film Oven Test (TFOT) | |||||
| Penetration | ASTM D2872 | 46 | – | ||
| Change of Mass | ASTM D2872 | wt.% | – | 0.8 | |
| Softening Point | ASTM D2872 | – | 11 | ||
| Bitumen Penetration Grade 100/130 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Test Method | Unit | Min. | Max. |
| Specific Gravity at 25 °C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01 | 1.04 |
| Penetration at 25 °C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 100 | 130 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 42 | 49 |
| Ductility at 25 °C | ASTM D113 | cm | 100 | – |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | – | 0.2 |
| Flash Point | ASTM D92 | °C | – | 250 |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | ASTM D2042 | %WT | – | 99.5 |
| Spot Test | AASHTO T102 | Negative | ||
Sometimes the same grade of bitumen penetration has different behavior at high temperatures. It is the main weakness of this grading method. This led to the introduction of the viscosity grading system.
Viscosity Grade Bitumen (VG Bitumen)
The United States introduced the viscosity grading system in the late 20th century. Viscosity bitumen is graded based on viscosity at 60°C and 135°C.
In this type of bitumen, penetration at 25 °C is also measured. These properties help us to understand how bitumen responds to temperature fluctuations.
Viscosity at 60 °C shows bitumen’s resistance to flow in hot climate conditions. On the other hand viscosity at 135 °C determines the behavior of bitumen while its temperature is very high for preparing hot mix asphalt. Penetration at 25 °C measures consistency at room temperature.
Unlike the penetration test, which is an empirical method, the viscosity test of bitumen provides a more fundamental approach to analyzing bitumen’s behavior in a specific range of temperatures.
The highest consumption of VG bitumen is in India. Viscosity bitumen has four different grades that are VG10, VG20, VG30, and VG40. You can see their specification below:
| Bitumen VG 10 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Unit | Value | Test Method |
| Absolute Viscosity, at 60 ◦C | Poise | Min 800 | ASTM D4402 |
| Kinematic Viscosity, at 135 ◦C | CST | Min 250 | ASTM D2170 |
| Flash Point | ◦C | Min 220 | ASTM D93 |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | %wt | Min 99 | ASTM D2042 |
| Penetration Value, at 25 ◦C | 0.1mm | 80-100 | ASTM D5 |
| Softening Point | ◦C | Min 40 | ASTM D36 |
| Thin-Film Oven Test (TFOT) | |||
| Viscosity Ratio, at 60 ◦C | ◦C | Max 4 | ASTM D4402 |
| Ductility at 25 ◦C | cm | Min 75 | ASTM D113 |
| Bitumen VG 20 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Unit | Value | Test Method |
| Absolute Viscosity, at 60 ◦C | Poise | Min 1600 | ASTM D4402 |
| Kinematic Viscosity, at 135 ◦C | CST | Min 300 | ASTM D2170 |
| Flash Point | ◦C | Min 220 | ASTM D93 |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | %WT | Min 99 | ASTM D2042 |
| Penetration Value, at 25 ◦C | 0.1mm | 60-80 | ASTM D5 |
| Softening Point | ◦C | Min 45 | ASTM D36 |
| Thin-Film Oven Test (TFOT) | |||
| Viscosity Ratio, at 60 ◦C | ◦C | Max 4 | ASTM D4402 |
| Ductility at 25 ◦C | Cm | Min 50 | ASTM D113 |
| Bitumen VG 30 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Unit | Value | Test Method |
| Absolute Viscosity, at 60 ◦C | Poise | Min 2400 | ASTM D4402 |
| Kinematic Viscosity, at135 ◦C | CST | Min 350 | ASTM D2170 |
| Flash Point | ◦C | Min 220 | ASTM D93 |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | %wt | Min 99 | ASTM D2042 |
| Penetration Value, at 25 ◦C | 0.1mm | 50-70 | ASTM D5 |
| Softening Point | ◦C | Min 47 | ASTM D36 |
| Thin-Film Oven Test (TFOT) | |||
| Viscosity Ratio, at 60 ◦C | ◦C | Max 4 | ASTM D4402 |
| Ductility at 25 ◦C | cm | Min 40 | ASTM D113 |
| Specific Gravity, at 25 ◦C | – | Min 1.0131 | ASTM D70 |
| Bitumen VG 40 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Unit | Value | Test Method |
| Absolute Viscosity, at 60 ◦C | Poise | Min 3200 | ASTM D4402 |
| Kinematic Viscosity, at 135 ◦C | CST | Min 400 | ASTM D2170 |
| Flash Point | ◦C | Min 220 | ASTM D93 |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | %wt | Min 99 | ASTM D2042 |
| Penetration Value, at 25 ◦C | 0.1mm | 40-60 | ASTM D5 |
| Softening Point | ◦C | Min 25 | ASTM D36 |
| Thin-Film Oven Test (TFOT) | |||
| Viscosity Ratio, at 60 ◦C | ◦C | Max 4 | ASTM D4402 |
| Ductility at 25 ◦C, after thin film oven test | cm | Min 25 | ASTM D113 |
Penetration and viscosity grade bitumen have some limitations in accurately predicting how bitumen will perform in real-world conditions. That’s where PG bitumen shines, providing a more reliable and scientific estimation.
Take a closer look at viscosity bitumen, for further details such as its meaning, advantages, applications, etc.
Performance Grade Bitumen (PG Bitumen)
PG bitumen is classified based on its ability to handle different temperatures and maintain desired properties.
Compared to traditional grading methods such as penetration and viscosity, PG bitumen focuses on the overall performance of the bitumen rather than its physical properties.
Performance grade bitumen is named with two numbers that show its performance ranges. For example, PG 76-16 indicates it’s resistant to temperatures as high as 76°C and as low as -16°C.
PG bitumen is evaluated using various rheological and aging tests. The Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) measures its resistance to deformation, while the Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV) simulates long-term aging. Additionally, Direct Tension (DT) tests determine its flexibility and resistance to cracking under repeated load applications.
These tests provide detailed information about long-term performance under varying stress and temperature conditions.
The table below lists the specifications for different grades of PG bitumen:
| Bitumen PG 70-16 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Unit | Value | Method |
| Average 7-Day Maximum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | < 70 | – |
| Minimum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | > -16 | – |
| Flash Point Temperature | °C | Min230 | AASHTO T48 |
| Viscosity Maximum 3 Pa.s, Test Temperature | °C | 135 | AASHTO T316 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 1 KPa Test Temperature | °C | 70 | AASHTO T315 |
| Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (AASHTO T240) | |||
| Mass Change | % | Max1.00 | – |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 70 | AASHTO T315 |
| Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Test (AASHTO R28) | |||
| PAV Aging Temperature | °C | 100 (110) | AASHTO R28 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Maximum 5000 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 31 | AASHTO T315 |
| Creep Stiffiness S Maximum 300 Mpa M-Value Minimum 0.300 Test Temp,@60s | °C | -6 | AASHTO T313 |
| Direct Tension Failure Strain Minimum 1 % Test Temp@1mm/min, | °C | -6 | AASHTO T314 |
| Critical Low Cracking Temperature Critical Cracking Determined by PP42 Test Temp | – | -6 | AASHTO PP42 |
| Bitumen PG 76-10 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Unit | Value | Method |
| Average 7-Day Maximum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | <76 | – |
| Minimum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | > -10 | – |
| Flash Point Temperature | °C | Min230 | AASHTO T48 |
| Viscosity, T 316, Maximum 3 Pas, Test Temp, °C | °C | 135 | AASHTO T316 |
| Dynamic Shear, T 315, G*/sin Minimum 1.00 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s,°C | °C | 76 | AASHTO T315 |
| Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (T 240) | |||
| Mass Change, Maximum, Percent | % | 1.00 | AASHTO T240 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 76 | AASHTO T315 |
| Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Test (AASHTO R28) | |||
| PAV Aging Temperature | °C | 100 | AASHTO R28 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Maximum 5000 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 37 | AASHTO T315 |
| Creep Stuffiness S Maximum 300 Mpa M-Value Minimum 0.300 Test Temp,@60s | °C | 0 | AASHTO T313 |
| Direct Tension, T 314, Failure Strain, Minimum 0.300 Test Temperature, @60s, °C | °C | 0 | AASHTO T314 |
| Critical Low Cracking Temp, PP42, Critical Cracking Temp Determined by PP 42,Test Temp, °C | – | 0 | AASHTO PP42 |
| Bitumen PG 58-16 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Unit | Value | Method |
| Average 7-Day Maximum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | <58 | – |
| Minimum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | > -16 | – |
| Flash Point Temperature | °C | Min230 | AASHTO T48 |
| Viscosity Maximum 3 Pa.s, Test Temperature | °C | 135 | AASHTO T316 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature | °C | 58 | AASHTO T315 |
| Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (T 240) | |||
| Mass Change, Maximum, Percent | % | Max1.00 | AASHTO T240 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 58 | AASHTO T315 |
| Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Test (AASHTO R28) | |||
| PAV Aging Temperature | °C | 100 | AASHTO R28 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Maximum 5000 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 25 | AASHTO T315 |
| Creep Stuffiness S Maximum 300 Mpa M-Value Minimum 0.300 Test Temp,@60s | °C | -6 | AASHTO T313 |
| Direct Tension Failure Strain Minimum 1 % Test Temp@1mm/min, | °C | -6 | AASHTO T314 |
| Critical Low Cracking Temperature Critical Cracking Determined by PP42 Test Temp | – | -6 | AASHTO PP42 |
| Bitumen PG 70-10 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Unit | Value | Method |
| Average 7-Day Maximum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | 70 | – |
| Minimum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | > -10 | – |
| Flash Point Temperature | °C | Min230 | AASHTO T48 |
| Viscosity Maximum 3 Pa.s, Test Temperature | °C | 135 | AASHTO T316 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature | °C | 70 | AASHTO T315 |
| Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (T 240) | |||
| Mass Change | % | Max1.00 | AASHTO T240 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 70 | AASHTO T315 |
| Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Test (AASHTO R28) | |||
| PAV Aging Temperature | °C | 100 | AASHTO R28 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Maximum 5000 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 34 | AASHTO T315 |
| Creep Stuffiness S Maximum 300 Mpa M-Value Minimum 0.300 Test Temp,@60s | °C | 0 | AASHTO T313 |
| Direct Tension Failure Strain Minimum 1 % Test Temp@1mm/min, | °C | 0 | AASHTO T314 |
| Critical Low Cracking Temperature Critical Cracking Determined by PP42 Test Temp | – | 0 | AASHTO PP42 |
| Bitumen PG 82-10 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Unit | Value | Method |
| Average 7-Day Maximum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | 82 | – |
| Minimum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | > -10 | – |
| Flash Point Temperature | °C | Min230 | AASHTO T48 |
| Viscosity Maximum 3 Pa.s, Test Temperature | °C | 135 | AASHTO T316 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature | °C | 82 | AASHTO T315 |
| Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (T 240) | |||
| Mass Change | % | Max1.00 | AASHTO T240 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 82 | AASHTO T315 |
| Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Test (AASHTO R28) | |||
| PAV Aging Temperature | °C | 100 | AASHTO R28 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Maximum 5000 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 40 | AASHTO T315 |
| Creep Stuffiness S Maximum 300 Mpa M-Value Minimum 0.300 Test Temp,@60s | °C | 0 | AASHTO T313 |
| Direct Tension Failure Strain Minimum 1 % Test Temp@1mm/min, | °C | 0 | AASHTO T314 |
| Critical Low Cracking Temperature Critical Cracking Determined by PP42 Test Temp | – | 0 | AASHTO PP42 |
| Bitumen PG 64-22 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Unit | Value | Method |
| Average 7-Day Maximum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | 64 | – |
| Minimum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | > -22 | – |
| Flash Point Temperature | °C | Min230 | AASHTO T48 |
| Viscosity Maximum 3 Pa.s, Test Temperature | °C | 135 | AASHTO T316 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature | °C | 64 | AASHTO T315 |
| Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (T 240) | |||
| Mass Change | % | Max1.00 | AASHTO T240 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 64 | AASHTO T315 |
| Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Test (AASHTO R28) | |||
| PAV Aging Temperature | °C | 100 | AASHTO R28 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Maximum 5000 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 46 | AASHTO T315 |
| Creep Stuffiness S Maximum 300 Mpa M-Value Minimum 0.300 Test Temp,@60s | °C | -24 | AASHTO T313 |
| Direct Tension Failure Strain Minimum 1 % Test Temp@1mm/min, | °C | -24 | AASHTO T314 |
| Critical Low Cracking Temperature Critical Cracking Determined by PP42 Test Temp | – | -24 | AASHTO PP42 |
| Bitumen PG 46-22 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Unit | Value | Method |
| Average 7-Day Maximum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | 46 | – |
| Minimum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | > -22 | – |
| Flash Point Temperature | °C | Min230 | AASHTO T48 |
| Viscosity Maximum 3 Pa.s, Test Temperature | °C | 135 | AASHTO T316 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature | °C | 46 | AASHTO T315 |
| Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (T 240) | |||
| Mass Change | % | Max1.00 | AASHTO T240 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 46 | AASHTO T315 |
| Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Test (AASHTO R28) | |||
| PAV Aging Temperature | °C | 100 | AASHTO R28 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Maximum 5000 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 46 | AASHTO T315 |
| Creep Stuffiness S Maximum 300 Mpa M-Value Minimum 0.300 Test Temp,@60s | °C | -24 | AASHTO T313 |
| Direct Tension Failure Strain Minimum 1 % Test Temp@1mm/min, | °C | -24 | AASHTO T314 |
| Critical Low Cracking Temperature Critical Cracking Determined by PP42 Test Temp | – | -24 | AASHTO PP42 |
| Bitumen PG 52-28 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Unit | Value | Method |
| Average 7-Day Maximum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | 52 | – |
| Minimum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | > -28 | – |
| Flash Point Temperature | °C | Min230 | AASHTO T48 |
| Viscosity Maximum 3 Pa.s, Test Temperature | °C | 135 | AASHTO T316 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature | °C | 52 | AASHTO T315 |
| Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (T 240) | |||
| Mass Change | % | Max1.00 | AASHTO T240 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 52 | AASHTO T315 |
| Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Test (AASHTO R28) | |||
| PAV Aging Temperature | °C | 100 | AASHTO R28 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Maximum 5000 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 46 | AASHTO T315 |
| Creep Stuffiness S Maximum 300 Mpa M-Value Minimum 0.300 Test Temp,@60s | °C | -24 | AASHTO T313 |
| Direct Tension Failure Strain Minimum 1 % Test Temp@1mm/min, | °C | -24 | AASHTO T314 |
| Critical Low Cracking Temperature Critical Cracking Determined by PP42 Test Temp | – | -24 | AASHTO PP42 |
| Bitumen PG 76-22 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Unit | Value | Method |
| Average 7-Day Maximum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | <76 | – |
| Minimum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | > -22 | – |
| Flash Point Temperature | °C | >230 | AASHTO T48 |
| Viscosity, T 316, Maximum 3 Pas, Test Temp, °C | °C | 135 | AASHTO T316 |
| Dynamic Shear, T 315, G*/sin Minimum 1.00 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s,°C | °C | 76 | AASHTO T315 |
| Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (T 240) | |||
| Mass Change, Maximum, Percent | % | 1.00 | AASHTO T240 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | >2.2 | AASHTO T315 |
| Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Test (AASHTO R28) | |||
| Dynamic Shear, T 315, G*/sin, Maximum 5000 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 31 | AASHTO T315 |
| Creep Stuffiness, T 313, S, Maximum 300 Mpa, m-value, minimum 0.300 Test Temperature, @60s, °C |
°C | -12 | AASHTO T313 |
| Direct Tension, T 314, Failure Strain, Minimum 0.300 Test Temperature, @60s, °C | °C | -12 | AASHTO T 240 |
| Critical Low Cracking Temp, PP42, Critical Cracking Temp Determined by PP 42,Test Temp, °C | °C | -12 | ASTM D8225 |
| Bitumen PG 76-16 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Unit | Value | Method |
| Average 7-Day Maximum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | <76 | – |
| Minimum Pavement Design Temperature | °C | > -16 | – |
| Flash Point Temperature | °C | Min230 | AASHTO T48 |
| Viscosity, T 316, Maximum 3 Pas, Test Temp, °C | °C | 135 | AASHTO T316 |
| Dynamic Shear, T 315, G*/sin Minimum 1.00 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s,°C | °C | 76 | AASHTO T315 |
| Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (T 240) | |||
| Mass Change, Maximum, Percent | % | 1.00 | AASHTO T240 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Minimum 2.2 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 76 | AASHTO T315 |
| Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Test (AASHTO R28) | |||
| PAV Aging Temperature | °C | 100 | AASHTO R28 |
| Dynamic Shear G*/sin Maximum 5000 KPa Test Temperature, @10 rad/s | °C | 34 | AASHTO T315 |
| Creep Stuffiness S Maximum 300 Mpa M-Value Minimum 0.300 Test Temp,@60s | °C | -6 | AASHTO T313 |
| Direct Tension, T 314, Failure Strain, Minimum 0.300 Test Temperature, @60s, °C | °C | -6 | AASHTO T314 |
| Critical Low Cracking Temp, PP42, Critical Cracking Temp Determined by PP 42,Test Temp, °C | – | -6 | AASHTO PP42 |
AH Bitumen
AH bitumen is a popular bitumen type in the China market. They are graded based on penetration value at 25°C, like penetration grades. However, they have some differences in their tests and specifications.
In contrast to the penetration grading system, viscosity at 60 °C is also measured in AH bitumen. The temperature of 60 °C corresponds to the highest pavement temperature during hot summer when rutting problems occur. Therefore, knowing the viscosity of bitumen at this temperature helps to better control one of the main problems of pavement distress.
Another difference is the testing of AH bitumen’s ductility at both 10 and 15 °C.
At 15 °C, AH bitumen has a ductility of over 100 cm, while penetration bitumen reaches the same ductility at 25°C. This indicates that AH bitumen can maintain its flexibility well even in cold weather.
The most widely used grade of AH bitumen is AH 70, also referred to as bitumen 60/80, due to its ideal penetration range of 60 to 80 dmm.
The specifications for AH bitumen grades are shown in the table below:
| Specification of Infinity Galaxy Bitumen AH-50 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| SPECIFICATION | UNIT | VALUE | TEST METHOD |
| Penetration | 1/10 Millimetres (mm | 40-50 | ASTM D5 |
| Softening Point | Degree Celsius (°C) | 48-56 | ASTM D36 |
| Density, 25°C | Kilogram per Cubic Meter (kg/m³) | 1.000/1.060 | ASTM D71/D3289 |
| Ductility, 25°C | Centimetres per Second (cm/s) | 100 min | ASTM D113 |
| Loss On Heating | Weight Percentage (WT%) | 0.2 Max | ASTM D6 |
| Drop-in Penetration After Heating | Percentage (%) | 20 max | ASTM D6/D5 |
| Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup) | Degree Celsius (°C) | 250 min | ASTM D92 |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | Weight Percentage (WT%) | 99.5 min | ASTM D4 |
| Spot Test | Negative (−) or Positive (+) | Negative | AASHOT 102 * |
| Bitumen Content | Percentage | 99.9 min | ASTM D4 |
| Specification of Infinity Galaxy Bitumen AH-70 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| SPECIFICATION | UNIT | VALUE | TEST METHOD |
| Penetration 25°C | 1/10 Millimeters (mm) | 60-80 | ASTM D5 |
| Softening Point | Degree Celsius (°C) | Min 42 | ASTM D36 |
| Density, 15°C | Kilogram per Cubic Meter (kg/m³) | 1.000/1.060 | ASTM D70 |
| Ductility, 15°C, 5CM/MIN | Centimeters | Min 100 | ASTM D113 |
| Ductility, 10°C, 5CM/MIN | Centimeters | Min 20 | ASTM D113 |
| Flash Point | Degree Celsius (°C) | Min 260 | ASTM D92 |
| Dynamic Viscosity 60°C | Poises | Min 130 | ASTM D2171 |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | Weight Percentage (WT%) | Min 99.5 | ASTM D 2042 |
| Penetration Index | – | -1.5/1.0 | – |
| AFTER TFOT AT 163 ˚C ASTM D1754 | |||
| LOSS Of WEIGHT | – | -0.8/0.8 | ASTMD1754 |
| RETAINED PENETRATION RATIO % | Percentage(%) | Min 61 | ASTM D5 |
| Ductility, 25°C, 5CM/MIN | Centimeters | Min 6 | ASTM D113 |
| Specification of Infinity Galaxy Bitumen AH-90 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPECIFICATION | UNIT | VALUE | TEST METHOD | |
| Penetration | 1/10 Millimetres (mm | 80-100 | ASTM D5 | |
| Softening Point | Degree Celsius (°C) | 42-52 | ASTM D36 | |
| Density, 25°C | Kilogram per Cubic Meter (kg/m³) | 1.000/1.060 | ASTM D71/D3289 | |
| Ductility, 25°C | Centimetres per Second (cm/s) | 100 min | ASTM D113 | |
| Loss On Heating | Weight Percentage (WT%) | 0.5 Max | ASTM D6 | |
| Drop-in Penetration After Heating | Percentage (%) | 20 max | ASTM D6/D5 | |
| Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup) | Degree Celsius (°C) | 225 min | ASTM D92 | |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | Weight Percentage (WT%) | 99 min | ASTM D4 | |
| Loss of Weight | Percentage (%) | 0.8 max | ASTM D1754 | |
| Retained Penetration After Thin Film | Percentage (%) | 50 min | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 25°C After Thin Film Oven | Centimetres per Second (cm/s) | 100 min | ASTM D113 | |
| Ductility 15°C After Thin Film Oven | Centimetres per Second (cm/s) | 100 min | ASTM D113 | |
| Temperature | Degree Celsius (°C) | Max 90-110 above the Soft | ||
| Bitumen Content | Percentage (%) | 99.9 min | ASTM D4 | |
| Specification of Infinity Galaxy Bitumen AH-110 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPECIFICATION | UNIT | VALUE | TEST METHOD | |
| Penetration | 1/10 Millimetres (mm | 80-110 | ASTM D5 | |
| Softening Point | Degree Celsius (°C) | 45-52 | ASTM D36 | |
| Density, 25°C | Kilogram per Cubic Meter (kg/m³) | 1.000/1.060 | ASTM D71/D3289 | |
| Ductility, 25°C | Centimetres per Second (cm/s) | 100 min | ASTM D113 | |
| Loss On Heating | Weight Percentage (WT%) | 0.5 Max | ASTM D6 | |
| Drop-in Penetration After Heating | Percentage (%) | 20 max | ASTM D6/D5 | |
| Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup) | Degree Celsius (°C) | 225 min | ASTM D92 | |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | Weight Percentage (WT%) | 99 min | ASTM D4 | |
| Loss of Weight | Percentage (%) | 0.8 max | ASTM D1754 | |
| Retained Penetration After Thin Film | Percentage (%) | 50 min | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 25°C After Thin Film Oven | Centimetres per Second (cm/s) | 100 min | ASTM D113 | |
| Ductility 15°C After Thin Film Oven | Centimetres per Second (cm/s) | 100 min | ASTM D113 | |
| Temperature | Degree Celsius (°C) | Max 90-110 above the Soft | ||
| Bitumen Content | Percentage (%) | 99.9 min | ASTM D4 | |
| Specification of Infinity Galaxy Bitumen AH-130 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPECIFICATION | UNIT | VALUE | TEST METHOD | |
| Penetration | 1/10 Millimetres (mm | 80-130 | ASTM D5 | |
| Softening Point | Degree Celsius (°C) | 42-52 | ASTM D36 | |
| Density, 25°C | Kilogram per Cubic Meter (kg/m³) | 1.000/1.060 | ASTM D71/D3289 | |
| Ductility, 25°C | Centimetres per Second (cm/s) | 100 min | ASTM D113 | |
| Loss On Heating | Weight Percentage (WT%) | 0.5 Max | ASTM D6 | |
| Drop-in Penetration After Heating | Percentage (%) | 20 max | ASTM D6/D5 | |
| Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup) | Degree Celsius (°C) | 225 min | ASTM D92 | |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | Weight Percentage (WT%) | 99 min | ASTM D4 | |
| Loss of Weight | Percentage (%) | 0.8 max | ASTM D1754 | |
| Retained Penetration After Thin Film | Percentage (%) | 50 min | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 25°C After Thin Film Oven | Centimetres per Second (cm/s) | 100 min | ASTM D113 | |
| Ductility 15°C After Thin Film Oven | Centimetres per Second (cm/s) | 100 min | ASTM D113 | |
| Temperature | Degree Celsius (°C) | Max 90-110 above the Soft | ||
| Bitumen Content | Percentage (%) | 99.9 min | ASTM D4 | |
Asphalt Cement Bitumen (AC Bitumen)
AC grade, or asphalt cement bitumen, is a viscosity-based grade of bitumen, defined by the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHTO).
AC bitumen is categorized based on its average dynamic viscosity at 60 °C, divided by 100. For example, AC10 bitumen has a viscosity range of 800-1200 Poise.
They are demanded in some markets like Sudan, Ghana, Cameroon, Djibouti, South Africa, Guinea, and Zimbabwe. Its main specifications are: penetration at 25°C, viscosity at two temperatures of 60°C and 135°C.
See the detailed specification of AC bitumen in the below table:
| Bitumen AC10 Specification | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Test Method | Unit | Value | |
| Viscosity, @ 60 ◦C | ASTM D2171 | Poise (10*Pa.s) |
1000±200 | |
| Viscosity, @ 135 ◦C | ASTM D2170 | CST | Min 150 | |
| Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup) | ASTM D92 | ◦C | Min 219 | |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | ASTM D2042 | %WT | Min 99 | |
| Penetration, 100g, 5s, @ 25 ◦C | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | Min 70 | |
| Thin-Film Oven Test (TFOT) | ||||
| Viscosity, @ 60 ◦C | ASTM D2171 | Poise (10*Pa.s) |
Max 5000 | |
| Ductility, 5 cm/min, @ 25 ◦C | ASTM D113 | cm | Min 50 | |
| Bitumen AC20 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Test Method | Unit | Value |
| Viscosity, @ 60 ◦C | ASTM D2171 | Poise (10*Pa.s) |
2000±400 |
| Viscosity, @ 135 ◦C | ASTM D2170 | CST | Min 210 |
| Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup) | ASTM D92 | ◦C | Min 232 |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | ASTM D2042 | %WT | Min 99 |
| Penetration, 100g, 5s, @ 25 ◦C | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | Min 40 |
| Thin-Film Oven Test (TFOT) | |||
| Viscosity, @ 60 ◦C | ASTM D2171 | Poise (10*Pa.s) |
Max 10000 |
| Ductility, 5 cm/min, @ 25 ◦C | ASTM D113 | cm | Min 20 |
| Bitumen AC30 Specification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Test Method | Unit | Value |
| Viscosity, @ 60 ◦C | ASTM D2171 | Poise (10*Pa.s) |
3000±600 |
| Viscosity, @ 135 ◦C | ASTM D2170 | CST | Min 250 |
| Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup) | ASTM D92 | ◦C | Min 232 |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene | ASTM D2042 | %WT | Min 99 |
| Penetration, 100g, 5s, @ 25 ◦C | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | Min 30 |
| Thin-Film Oven Test (TFOT) | |||
| Viscosity, @ 60 ◦C | ASTM D2171 | Poise (10*Pa.s) |
Max 15000 |
| Ductility, 5 cm/min, @ 25 ◦C | ASTM D113 | cm | Min 15 |
Visit AC grade bitumen, if you need more information about its grades and price.
Oxidized Bitumen
Oxidized or blown bitumen is a bitumen type produced by blowing air into the pure bitumen.This process is done at high temperatures to modify its physical properties for specific uses.
The process of blowing air causes oxidation and polymerization, resulting in larger molecular weight molecules that form a harder and less temperature-sensitive product.
As the asphaltene percentage increases, oxidized bitumen has a lower penetration value and a greater softening point than pure bitumen.
The grading method for blown bitumen is based on penetration and softening points. Their grades and specifications are as below:
| Oxidized Bitumen 75/25 Specifications | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Test Method | Unit | Result |
| Specific Gravity at 25°C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01-1.06 |
| Penetration at 25°C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 10/30 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 65/85 |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | 0.2 max |
| Flash point | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 min |
| Solubility in CS2 | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 80% min |
| Ductility at 25°C | ASTM D113 | cm | 1.5 min |
| Oxidized Bitumen 75/30 Specifications | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Test Method | Unit | Result |
| Specific Gravity at 25°C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01-1.06 |
| Penetration at 25°C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 20/40 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 60/80 |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | 0.2 max |
| Flash point | ASTM D92 | °C | 260 min |
| Solubility in CS2 | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 80% min |
| Ductility at 25°C | ASTM D113 | cm | 1.5 min |
| Oxidized Bitumen 85/25 Specifications | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Test Method | Unit | Result |
| Specific Gravity at 25°C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01-1.06 |
| Penetration at 25°C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 10/30 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 70/90 |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | 0.2 max |
| Flash point | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 min |
| Solubility in CS2 | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 80% min |
| Ductility at 25°C | ASTM D113 | cm | 3 min |
| Oxidized Bitumen 85/40 Specifications | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Test Method | Unit | Result |
| Specific Gravity at 25°C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01-1.06 |
| Penetration at 25°C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 25/45 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 70/90 |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | 0.2 max |
| Flash point | ASTM D92 | °C | 260 min |
| Solubility in CS2 | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 80% min |
| Ductility at 25°C | ASTM D113 | cm | 3 min |
| Oxidized Bitumen 90/10 Specifications | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Test Method | Unit | Result |
| Specific Gravity at 25°C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01-1.06 |
| Penetration at 25°C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 5/25 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 75/95 |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | 0.2 max |
| Flash point | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 min |
| Solubility in CS2 | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 80% min |
| Ductility at 25°C | ASTM D113 | cm | 1.5 min |
| Oxidized Bitumen 90/15 Specifications | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Test Method | Unit | Result |
| Specific Gravity at 25°C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01-1.06 |
| Penetration at 25°C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 5/25 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 75/95 |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | 0.2 max |
| Flash point | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 min |
| Solubility in CS2 | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 80% min |
| Ductility at 25°C | ASTM D113 | cm | 3 min |
| Oxidized Bitumen 90/25 Specifications | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Test Method | Unit | Result |
| Specific Gravity at 25°C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01-1.06 |
| Penetration at 25°C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 10/30 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 80/100 |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | 0.2 max |
| Flash point | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 min |
| Solubility in CS2 | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 80% min |
| Ductility at 25°C | ASTM D113 | cm | 1.5 min |
| Oxidized Bitumen 90/40 Specifications | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Test Method | Unit | Result |
| Specific Gravity at 25°C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01-1.06 |
| Penetration at 25°C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 25/45 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 75/95 |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | 0.2 max |
| Flash point | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 min |
| Solubility in CS2 | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 80% min |
| Ductility at 25°C | ASTM D113 | cm | 5.5 min |
| Oxidized Bitumen 95/25 Specifications | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Test Method | Unit | Result |
| Specific Gravity at 25°C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01-1.06 |
| Penetration at 25°C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 10/30 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 80/100 |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | 0.2 max |
| Flash point | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 min |
| Solubility in CS2 | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 80% min |
| Ductility at 25°C | ASTM D113 | cm | 1.5 min |
| Oxidized Bitumen 115/15 Specifications | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Test Method | Unit | Result |
| Specific Gravity at 25°C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01-1.06 |
| Penetration at 25°C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 5/25 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 100/120 |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | 0.2 max |
| Flash point | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 min |
| Solubility in CS2 | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 80% min |
| Ductility at 25°C | ASTM D113 | cm | 1.5 min |
| Oxidized Bitumen 125/5 Specifications | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Test Method | Unit | Result |
| Specific Gravity at 25°C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01-1.06 |
| Penetration at 25°C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 5/25 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 120/140 |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | 0.2 max |
| Flash point | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 min |
| Solubility in CS2 | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 80% min |
| Ductility at 25°C | ASTM D113 | cm | 1.5 min |
| Oxidized Bitumen 135/5 Specifications | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Test Method | Unit | Result |
| Specific Gravity at 25°C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01-1.06 |
| Penetration at 25°C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 5/25 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 130/150 |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | 0.2 max |
| Flash point | ASTM D92 | °C | 260 min |
| Solubility in CS2 | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 80% min |
| Ductility at 25°C | ASTM D113 | cm | 1.5 min |
| Oxidized Bitumen 105/15 Specifications | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Test Method | Unit | Result |
| Specific Gravity at 25°C | ASTM D70 | – | 1.01-1.06 |
| Penetration at 25°C, 100g, 5s | ASTM D5 | 0.1mm | 5/20 |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | °C | 90/130 |
| Loss on Heating | ASTM D6 | wt.% | 0.2 max |
| Ductility at 25°C | ASTM D113 | cm | 1.5 min |
| Flash point | ASTM D92 | °C | 210 min |
| Solubility in CS2 | ASTM D2042 | wt.% | 80% min |
Read a detailed review on Oxidized Bitumen (Blown Bitumen), including its grade, packing, uses, etc.
Cutback Bitumen
Cutback is a type of liquid bitumen that is produced by blending penetration grade bitumen with a petroleum solvent such as gasoline, kerosene, and diesel. The percentage of solvent is varied from 20 to 45%.The main uses of them are in producing cold mix asphalt and sealing applications.
Curing time is defined as the speed of solvent evaporation and remaining bitumen. Cutback bitumen has different curing times, as follows:
- Slow Curing (SC): Produced using heavy petroleum solvents, such as diesel or mazut
- Medium Curing (MC): Produced using semi-heavy petroleum solvents, such as kerosene
- Rapid Curing (RC): Produced using light petroleum solvents, such as gasoline
Cutback bitumen is classified based on curing time and viscosity. You can compare their specifications in the below tables:
| Cutback Bitumen Medium-Curing-30 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic Viscosity at 60 °C ,cSt | 30 | 60 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash Point (Top Open Cup), °C | 38 | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillate, %Volume of Total Distillate to @360 °C | ||||
| To 225 °C | – | 35 | ASTM D402 | |
| To 260 °C | 40 | 70 | ||
| To 316 °C | 75 | 93 | ||
| Residue From Distillation to 360 °C (% Vol by Difference) | 50 | – | ||
| Test on Residue From Distillation Test | ||||
| Penetration, 25 °C, (dmm) | 120 | 300 | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility, 25 °C, (cm) | 100 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Water Content (% Vol) | – | 0.2 | ASTM D95 | |
| Cutback Bitumen Medium-Curing-70 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic Viscosity at 60 °C , mm2/s | 70 | 140 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash Point (Tag Open Cup), °C | 38 | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillate, %Volume of Total Distillate to @360 °C | ||||
| To 225 °C | – | 25 | ASTM D402 | |
| To 260 °C | 10 | 70 | ASTM D402 | |
| To 316 °C | 75 | 93 | ASTM D402 | |
| Residue From Distillation to 360 °C (% Vol by Difference) | 55 | – | ASTM D402 | |
| Test On Residue from Distillation: | ||||
| Penetration, 25 °C, (dmm) | 120 | 300 | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility, 25 °C, (cm) | 100 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene, % | 99 | – | ASTM D2042 | |
| Water , % | – | 0.2 | ASTM D95 | |
| Cutback Bitumen Medium-Curing-250 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic viscosity at 60°c ,cST | 250 | 500 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash point(tag open cup), °C | 66 | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillation test Distillate, volume per cent of total Distillate to 680°F (360°C) |
||||
| Residue from distillation to 437°F (225°C) | – | 20 | ASTM D402 | |
| to 500°F (260°C) | 5 | 55 | ||
| to 600°F (316°C) | 60 | 90 | ||
| to 680°F (360°C), per cent volume by difference | 67 | – | ||
| Test on residue from distillation test | ||||
| Viscosity at 140°F (60°C) | 30 | 120 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Penetration 77°F (25°C) 100g, 5s mm | 120 | 300 | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 77°F (25°C) 5cm/min cm | 100 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Solubility in trichloroethylene % | 99 | – | ASTM D2042 | |
| Water, percent volume | – | 0.2 | ASTM D95 | |
| Cutback Bitumen Medium-Curing-800 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic viscosity at 60°c ,cST | 800 | 1600 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash point(tag open cup), °C | 66 | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillation test Distillate, volume per cent of total Distillate to 680°F (360°C) |
||||
| Residue from distillation to 437°F (225°C) | – | – | ASTM D402 | |
| to 500°F (260°C) | – | 40 | ||
| to 600°F (316°C) | 45 | 90 | ||
| to 680°F (360°C), per cent volume by difference | 75 | – | ||
| Test on residue from distillation test | ||||
| Viscosity at 140°F (60°C) | 30 | 120 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Penetration 77°F (25°C) 100g, 5s mm | 120 | 250 | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 77°F (25°C) 5cm/min cm | 100 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Solubility in trichloroethylene % | 99 | – | ASTM D2042 | |
| Water, percent volume | – | 0.2 | ASTM D95 | |
| Cutback Bitumen Medium-Curing-3000 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic Viscosity at 60 °C , mm2/s | 3000 | 6000 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash Point (Tag Open Cup), °C | 66 | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillate, %Volume of Total Distillate to @360 °C | ||||
| To 225 °C | – | – | ASTM D402 | |
| To 260 °C | – | 15 | ASTM D402 | |
| To 316 °C | 15 | 75 | ASTM D402 | |
| Residue From Distillation to 360 °C (% Vol by Difference) | 80 | 0 | ASTM D402 | |
| Test On Residue from Distillation: | ||||
| Viscosity at 60 °C | 30 | 120 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Penetration, 25 °C, (dmm) | 120 | 250 | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility, 25 °C, (cm) | 100 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Solubility in Trichloroethylene, % | 99 | – | ASTM D2042 | |
| Water , % | – | 0.2 | ASTM D95 | |
| Cutback Bitumen Rapid-Curing-30 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic viscosity at 60°c ,cST | 30 | 60 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash point(tag open cup), °C | – | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillation test Distillate, volume per cent of total Distillate to 680°F (360°C) |
||||
| Residue from distillation to 437°F (225°C) | 55 | – | ASTM D402 | |
| to 500°F (260°C) | 75 | – | ||
| to 600°F (316°C) | 90 | – | ||
| to 680°F (360°C), per cent volume by difference | 50 | – | ||
| Test on residue from distillation test | ||||
| Penetration 77°F (25°C) 100g, 5s mm | 80 | 120 | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 77°F (25°C) 5cm/min cm | 100 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Solubility in trichloroethylene % | 99 | – | ASTM D2042 | |
| Water, percent volume | – | 0.2 | ASTM D95 | |
| Cutback Bitumen Rapid-Curing-70 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic viscosity at 60°c ,cST | 70 | 140 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash point(tag open cup), °C | – | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillation test Distillate, volume per cent of total Distillate to 680°F (360°C) |
||||
| Residue from distillation to 437°F (225°C) | 50 | – | ASTM D402 | |
| to 500°F (260°C) | 70 | – | ||
| to 600°F (316°C) | 85 | – | ||
| to 680°F (360°C), per cent volume by difference | 55 | – | ||
| Test on residue from distillation test | ||||
| Penetration 77°F (25°C) 100g, 5s mm | 80 | 120 | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 77°F (25°C) 5cm/min cm | 100 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Solubility in trichloroethylene % | 99 | – | ASTM D2042 | |
| Water, percent volume | – | 0.2 | ASTM D95 | |
| Cutback Bitumen Rapid-Curing-250 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic viscosity at 60°c ,cST | 250 | 500 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash point(tag open cup), °C | – | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillation test Distillate, volume per cent of total Distillate to 680°F (360°C) |
||||
| Residue from distillation to 437°F (225°C) | 35 | – | ASTM D402 | |
| to 500°F (260°C) | 60 | – | ||
| to 600°F (316°C) | 80 | – | ||
| to 680°F (360°C), per cent volume by difference | 65 | – | ||
| Test on residue from distillation test | ||||
| Penetration 77°F (25°C) 100g, 5s mm | 80 | 120 | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 77°F (25°C) 5cm/min cm | 100 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Solubility in trichloroethylene % | 99 | – | ASTM D2042 | |
| Water, percent volume | – | 0.2 | ASTM D95 | |
| Cutback Bitumen Rapid-Curing-800 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic viscosity at 60°c ,cST | 800 | 1600 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash point(tag open cup), °C | – | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillation test Distillate, volume per cent of total Distillate to 680°F (360°C) |
||||
| Residue from distillation to 437°F (225°C) | 15 | – | ASTM D402 | |
| to 500°F (260°C) | 45 | – | ||
| to 600°F (316°C) | 75 | – | ||
| to 680°F (360°C), per cent volume by difference | 75 | – | ||
| Test on residue from distillation test | ||||
| Penetration 77°F (25°C) 100g, 5s mm | 80 | 120 | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 77°F (25°C) 5cm/min cm | 100 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Solubility in trichloroethylene % | 99 | – | ASTM D2042 | |
| Water, percent volume | – | 0.2 | ASTM D95 | |
| Cutback Bitumen Rapid-Curing-3000 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic viscosity at 60°c ,cST | 3000 | 6000 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash point(tag open cup), °C | – | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillation test Distillate, volume per cent of total Distillate to 680°F (360°C) |
||||
| Residue from distillation to 437°F (225°C) | – | – | ASTM D402 | |
| to 500°F (260°C) | 25 | – | ||
| to 600°F (316°C) | 70 | – | ||
| to 680°F (360°C), per cent volume by difference | 80 | – | ||
| Test on residue from distillation test | ||||
| Penetration 77°F (25°C) 100g, 5s mm | 80 | 120 | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 77°F (25°C) 5cm/min cm | 100 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Solubility in trichloroethylene % | 99 | – | ASTM D2042 | |
| Water, percent volume | – | 0.2 | ASTM D95 | |
| Cutback Bitumen Slow-Curing-30 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic viscosity at 60°c ,cST | 30 | 60 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash point(tag open cup), °C | 65 | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillation test Distillate, volume per cent of total Distillate to 680°F (360°C) |
||||
| To 190 °C | – | – | ASTM D402 | |
| To 225 °C | – | – | ||
| To 260 °C | – | – | ||
| To 316 °C | 10 | 30 | ||
| Residue from Distillation to 60 °C | ||||
| Penetration 77°F (25°C) 100g, 5s mm | 50 | – | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 77°F (25°C) 5cm/min cm | 100 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Solubility in trichloroethylene % | 100 | – | ASTM D2042 | |
| Water, percent volume | – | 0.2 | ASTM D95 | |
| Cutback Bitumen Slow-Curing-70 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic viscosity at 60°c ,cST | 70 | 140 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash point(tag open cup), °C | 60 | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillate Test |
||||
| Total distillate to 360 °C (680 °F), volume % | – | 35 | ASTM D402 | |
| Solubility in trichloroethylene % | 95 | – | ||
| Kinematic viscosity on distillation residue at 60 °C (140 °F) mm2 /s | 200 | 7000 | ||
| Asphalt Residue | ||||
| Residue of 100 penetration, % | 40 | – | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 77°F (25°C) 5cm/min cm | 50 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Water, percent volume | – | 0.5 | ASTM D95 | |
| Cutback Bitumen Slow-Curing-250 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic viscosity at 60°c ,cST | 250 | 500 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash point(tag open cup), °C | 60 | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillate Test |
||||
| Total distillate to 360 °C (680 °F), volume % | – | 25 | ASTM D402 | |
| Solubility in trichloroethylene % | 95 | – | ||
| Kinematic viscosity on distillation residue at 60 °C (140 °F) mm2 /s | 400 | 10000 | ||
| Asphalt Residue | ||||
| Residue of 100 penetration, % | 50 | – | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 77°F (25°C) 5cm/min cm | 50 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Water, percent volume | – | 0.5 | ASTM D95 | |
| Cutback Bitumen Slow-Curing-800 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic viscosity at 60°c ,cST | 800 | 1600 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash point(tag open cup), °C | 70 | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillate Test |
||||
| Total distillate to 360 °C (680 °F), volume % | – | 15 | ASTM D402 | |
| Solubility in trichloroethylene % | 95 | – | ||
| Kinematic viscosity on distillation residue at 60 °C (140 °F) mm2 /s | 1000 | 16000 | ||
| Asphalt Residue | ||||
| Residue of 100 penetration, % | 60 | – | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 77°F (25°C) 5cm/min cm | 50 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Water, percent volume | – | 0.5 | ASTM D95 | |
| Cutback Bitumen Slow-Curing-3000 Specifications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties | Specification Limit | Test Method | ||
| Min | Max | |||
| Kinematic viscosity at 60°c ,cST | 3000 | 6000 | ASTM D2170 | |
| Flash point(tag open cup), °C | 70 | – | ASTM D3143 | |
| Distillate Test |
||||
| Total distillate to 360 °C (680 °F), volume % | – | 8 | ASTM D402 | |
| Solubility in trichloroethylene % | 95 | – | ||
| Kinematic viscosity on distillation residue at 60 °C (140 °F) mm2 /s | 2000 | 35000 | ||
| Asphalt Residue | ||||
| Residue of 100 penetration, % | 75 | – | ASTM D5 | |
| Ductility 77°F (25°C) 5cm/min cm | 50 | – | ASTM D113 | |
| Water, percent volume | – | 0.5 | ASTM D95 | |
What is Cutback Bitumen? Click to read everything you need to know about cutback bitumen.
All petroleum solvents in cutback bitumen will eventually evaporate, which is serious damage to the environment. To avoid this problem, emulsion bitumen came into the industry.
Emulsion Bitumen
Bitumen emulsions are a new way for liquifying bitumen by dispersing it in water. In this bitumen type, very fine particles of bitumen are suspended in water, which are stable by using an emulsifier.
The amount of bitumen in the emulsion varies from 55 to 65%. Two key factors determine the grades of emulsion bitumen:
1- Particles’ electrostatic charge of the emulsifier:
- Cationic: Bitumen particles have a positive electrical charge.
- Anionic : Bitumen particles have a negative electrical charge.
Cationic bitumen emulsion has more applications than anionic. This is due to its superior adhesion to stone materials such as silica and quartz compounds, which have a negative electric charge. This makes them a better choice in road construction, building, and sealing projects.
2- Breaking or setting time: the time that is required for water to evaporate
- Slow setting (SS)
- Medium setting (MS)
- Rapid setting (RS)
Setting time can take from as little as 10 minutes to several hours depending on ambient temperature, humidity, aggregate water absorption, wind speed, etc.
Bitumen emulsion is more eco-friendly than cutback bitumen due to the use of water instead of petroleum solvent.
Generally, liquid bitumen doesn’t need heating because of their low viscosity. That’s a significant advantage, since their operation is easier and requires less energy.
Are you interested in reading more about the difference between cutback and emulsion? (11 Differences + Video)
Gilsonite
Gilsonite, or natural bitumen, is a solid hydrocarbon with very high purity, extracted from mines. It is rich in asphaltenes and nitrogen compounds, containing little sulfur or ash. Gilsonite is shiny and black. It breaks easily.
Its specific compatibility allows it to be used for hardening softer petroleum compounds.
Gilsonite can be used as an additive to hot mix asphalt, which improves asphalt performance such as stiffness, flexibility, and resistance to moisture damage.
Natural bitumen is usually used as a powder, which comes in different ash contents, particle sizes, and solubility levels in organic solvents.
Based on the amount of ash content, there are four different types of micronized gilsonite powder:
- 5% ash content
- 10% ash content
- 15% ash content
- 20% ash content
Gilsonite asphalt is also found in different mesh sizes, which show the different particle sizes of the powder. Most gilsonite is available in mesh sizes ranging from 30 to 200 mesh (595 to 74 microns). The particle size gets bigger as the mesh number goes down, and the opposite is also true.
One of gilsonite’s key properties is its solubility level in organic solvents, measured in carbon disulfide (CS₂). The higher solubility makes it valuable for various industrial applications, including in the production of paints, coatings, and asphalt modifiers.
Check out the specifications of gilsonite used in various applications below:
| Specifications of Gilsonite in Different Applications | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specifications | Test Method | Drilling | Asphalt & Road | Isolation | Paint & Ink | Foundry |
| Ash Content, WT% | ASTM D3174 | 7-13 | 10-15 | 10-20 | 7-10 | 10 |
| Mesh Size | ASTM D546 | 200 | 100-200 | 100 | 200 | 100-200 |
| Moisture Contentment, WT% | ASTM D3173 | 1-3 | 1-3 | 1-3 | 1-3 | 1-3 |
| Volatile Matter, WT% | ASTM D3175 | 65-85 | 65-85 | 65-85 | 65-85 | 65-85 |
| Solubility in CS2,WT% | ASTM D4 | 75-85 | 70-80 | 70-80 | 80-90 | 75-85 |
| Specific Gravity, at 25 °C | ASTM D3289 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 |
| Color | – | Black | Black | Black | Black | Black |
| Softening Point | ASTM D36 | 180-220 | 180-220 | 180-220 | 180-220 | 180-220 |
If you would like to know more about Gilsonite, click here.
Infinity Galaxy team is ready to guide you through your bitumen needs. Leave a comment or reach out via WhatsApp for expert guidance or to place an order.
4 comments
ikram
Very useful article and information.
FARZAD
Hi Good article, it was comprehensive and basic for me who is in the first place. TNX